Can combination metronomic therapy overcome chemoresistance in cholangiocarcinoma? A literature review.

Low-Dose Metronomic Capecitabine (Xeloda) for Treatment of Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma Case Reports and Review of the Literature

Background Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma is a disease with a dismal prognosis. Treatment options are few, survival short and the side effects of treatments are burdensome. Metronomic chemotherapy can offer tumour regression and palliation. In this study we explore the responses of three patients to this treatment method in cases where conventional chemotherapy treatment has failed. Methods Thre...

Tumor response of temozolomide in combination with morphine in a xenograft model of human glioblastoma

Despite multimodal treatments comprising, radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), the prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains dismal and consolidated therapy yields a median survival of 14.6 months. Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) mediated chemoresistance and high dose related toxicity make necessary the development of new therapeutic approach to sensitize GBM to T...

EGFR Blockade Reverses Cisplatin Resistance in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Although the majority of EOC patients achieve clinical remission after induction therapy, over 80% relapse and succumb to the chemoresistant disease. Previous investigations have demonstrated the association of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with resistance to cytotoxic chemotherap...

Metronomic Effect as A New Hypothesis in Maintenance Therapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Metronomic Chemotherapy for Primary Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer – a Systematic Review of the Literature Metronomische Chemotherapie bei primärem nicht metastasieren- den Brustkrebs – eine systematische Literaturübersicht

Conventional chemotherapy is based on the “maximum tolerated dose” principle and aims at administering high doses of cytotoxic drugs followed by a rest period necessary for the body to recover. In the last decades alternative strategies have been developed to avoid serious side effects of conventional treatment, among them the metronomic chemotherapy. Much like a metronome keeps steady rhythm, ...